List of Figures

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List of Figures

The calculated spectrum of the kinetic energy of the muonic hydrogen atom at the instant of the $2\rightarrow 1$ transition. The pressure is $15bar$ , the total number of $\mu ^{-}p$ atoms is $10^{5}$ .
The calculated spectrum of the kinetic energy of the muonic hydrogen atom at the instant of the $3\rightarrow 1$ transition. The pressure is $15bar$ , the total number of $\mu ^{-}p$ atoms is $10^{5}$ .
The calculated spectrum of the kinetic energy of the pionic hydrogen atom at the instant of the $2\rightarrow 1$ transition. The pressure is $15bar$ , the total number of $\pi ^{-}p$ atoms is $10^{6}$ .
The calculated spectrum of the kinetic energy of the pionic hydrogen atom at the instant of the $3\rightarrow 1$ transition. The pressure is $15bar$ , the total number of $\pi ^{-}p$ atoms is $10^{6}$ .
Set-up of the experiment at the $\pi E5$ channel at PSI. A very similar set-up will also be used outside the pion area for the tuning of the spectrometer with X-rays from an ECR-source.
Pionic deuterium measured with a $Si$ 111 spherically bent crystal.
The intrinsic efficiency of the CCD detector is shown as a function of energy.
Simulated spectra for the $2\rightarrow 1$ transitions in pionic (left) and muonic hydrogen as measured by a CCD detector of horizontal width of $48mm$ and a pixel size of $40\mu m$ . The intensity in both lines is 40000. Both lines have a common energy resolution of $221meV$ . A Lorentzian width of $950meV$ is assumed for the pionic line. The muonic line has a hyperfine splitting of $180meV$ . The distribution of the kinetic energy is as in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, respectively. The peak/background ratio for the pionic line is 100:1.
Simulated spectra for the $3\rightarrow 1$ transitions in pionic (left) and muonic hydrogen as measured by a CCD detector of horizontal width of $48mm$ and a pixel size of $40\mu m$ . The intensity in both lines is 40000. Both lines have a common energy resolution of $262meV$ . A Lorentzian width of $950meV$ is assumed for the pionic line. The muonic line has a 1s hyperfine splitting of $180meV$ . The distribution of the kinetic energy is as in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, respectively. The peak/background ratio for the pionic line is 100:1
Rowland circle and Bragg angles. The Bragg condition requires reflection at the boundary of a circle with radius of the Rowland circle. D and S denote the position of detector and source, respectively. At C the Bragg crystal is mounted. It has a curvature radius $R_{c}=2\cdot R$ around O with $R$ being the radius of the Rowland circle.
The calculated kinetic energy distribution of the $\pi ^{-}p$ atom at the instant of strong interaction in liquid hydrogen.
The calculated neutron ToF spectrum for the reaction $(\pi ^{-}p)_{at}\rightarrow n+\pi ^{0}$ in liquid hydrogen for a neutron flight path of 5m.
The cumulative energy distribution W(E) reconstructed from the nToF spectrum with $10^{5}$ events (dotted line) in comparison with the exact result corresponding to Fig 11.

Pionic Hydrogen Collaboration
1998